Some applications call for laminate before wood. The office which I work out of, the floor is a laminate floor. I've worn the fake wood finish off completely where the chair constantly moves around. To repair, or cosmetically make this look better, I would consider peel and stick tiles in the area affected, knowing this will be a short term repair but look better till the wheels grind into the finish again.
If this was a real wood floor, I would be thwarted with the damage and how much effort it would cost to replace those sections of boards, refinishing the entire floor, not a small area.
Water does absorb into wood, especially on the sides of wood/slats.
I live in an area that snow/rain is common, and the retention of this water would instantly destroy a good wood floor in a high traffic area.
Nice wood floors have their place, but high traffic areas...preferably not.
Northern Kentucky Plumbers