Without seeing pictures of the actual damage, it's difficult to suggest a solution to your problem. Probable cause was the water-cement ratio being too high in the fresh concrete when it was placed. Could be the result of some isolated accumulations of water in the bottom of the forms (on top of the footings), which would tend to be displaced upward along the form surfaces by the denser concrete. If the entire operation was done with concrete having been too wet, you'd tend to see surface deterioration everywhere, not just at the bottoms of the walls.
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