Well, for the pro's it not like in the books.
This may help,
http://www.homebuildingmanual.com/Glossary.htm
And that is only a start. terminology for the same thing sometimes changes with geographical locations.
What I call a "rim joist", a guy in Cali calls it a "band joist"....same thing.

And yet another tradesperson will call it "outside box". Still the same thing...

And to complicate it even further, if you extend the "rim joist" over the foundation point into a cantilever (extension), it then becomes a "header".
Basically still the same thing.
Starting with the link as a sticky may help. That is an awful lot of work to rewrite the o'l dictionary.