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I've read about cracked toilet bowls being a catasrophe waiting to happen and I can appreciate this.
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I think you're talking about toilet tanks. I'd never trust a hairline crack in a toilet tank because when ice cold water comes rushing into a relatively warm toilet tank, you can have thermal stresses the might cause the tank to break, and that can result in a lot of water damage. Nowadays, insulation on the inside of the tanks greatly reduces condensation on the toilet tanks, but it also reduces thermal shocking to the tanks as well.
I don't see any problem at all using the toilet bowl with the hairline crack in the base near the bolts. When you flush a toilet, the water going through it has generally had some time to warm up, it's only in the toilet passage ways for a few seconds, and the area near the bolts is so far removed from the water that it wouldn't change temperature at all.
I'd be much more concerned about using the bowl with the hairline crack down one side as you described.
I'm not aware of any way to successfully repair cracked porcelain. If I had to try, I'd see if Crazy Glue wicks into the crack by capillary pressure, but that would be a "Hail Mary" play. A better way to find out would be to Google the words Porcelain and Museum together and see if people that restore priceless porcelain artifacts know of any way to repair hairline cracks in it, and hope that the method is feasible for a toilet tank.