Sure, you can leave out the check valve...
If you don't mind pumping the same water twice...
Actually I had a job recently where I removed the check valve after installing one. The outlet was lower than the pump and I found that the pump would start a siphon that would completely drain the pit after the sump pump stut off. No check was needed there...
I only have a 3" head on my sump pump drain so I don't worry about the small amount of water that comes back down into the sump. Don't have to worry about an air lock either.