No, I can't see how a thermostat would cause the dryer's fuse to blow. A stuck thermostat is only going to keep the heating element on. However, on dryers there's a high temperature limit switch that shuts off power to the dryer if it gets too hot. So, a faulty thermostat would be causing your high limit switch to shut the dryer down, not cause it to blow fuses.
Be careful around 220 volt ac appliances. Each of them will have TWO fuses or breakers in the electrical panel, not just one like regular household circuits. There will be one fuse or breaker on the black wire going to the dryer and another on the red wire going to the dryer. You need to turn BOTH voltage sources to the dryer off to work on it safely.
I would take the front panel off the dryer and look around the rotating drum for wires that may be rubbing against the tumbler. I'm thinking that eventually the tumbler would wear the insulation off the wire, and you could get a short to the tumbler drum.
Another place I'd look is at the heating element. Check that the heating element wire isn't coming close the metal chassis of the dryer anywhere.