I had been using board & beam interchangeably until I saw a video that said what the difference was. A beam is more likely to be used in a larger structure that needs a stronger spine of sorts for the top. At least, I think that was the explanation. I guess that is one of the reasons for metal I-beams as well. It would be harder to make a gusset plate for an I-beam, but I imagine there would be more steel being used in that application & possibly some welding going on.
As an aside, I have a friend who used to be a foreman for jobsites. He was on a job site & he heard one of the workers cross-threading a beam. He told the guy he could tell form the sound that it wasn't going in right and told him to pull all the bolts out and re-do them-- showed him how to avoid cross-threading, then went on with his day. He didn't find out until afterward that the guy ignored him & didn't do it. He was walking across one of the beams the guy installed later when it gave way & he fell 10ft and landed with his back on top of the beam. Had spinal damage (but no paralysis). Worker who did it ran off the job site & never returned. Didn't even try to check on him. Just goes to show why it's important to make sure things are secured.