I don't think most people even know what you said, you should translate to normal speak.
What I found interesting, from post #1; "I'm especially curious about how rafters are jointed to the ridge beam if it isn't with some kind of plate or gusset. None of the diagrams I've seen in online image searches tell me this."I'm especially curious about how rafters are jointed to the ridge beam if it isn't with some kind of plate or gusset. None of the diagrams I've seen in online image searches tell me this."
These, among others, are available from GOOGLE;
https://www.jlconline.com/training-the-trades/cutting-common-rafters_o
Wall Framing Basics
https://www.thisiscarpentry.com/2012/11/09/common-rafter-framing/
However, back to an explanation of methods, from a self-taught stick framer, (10yrs., USN, electronics).
The roof pitch is/has been determined by whoever prepared the plans, and handed to a framing carpenter/s;
Framer-The carpenter contractor that installs the lumber and erects the frame, flooring system, interior walls, backing, trusses, rafters, decking, installs all beams, stairs, soffits and all work related to the wood structure of the home. The framer builds the home according to the blueprints and must comply with local building codes and regulations.
The structure is "framed", the rafters and ceiling joist are laid out, (marked and labeled on the top plate), the walls are stood, squared, (plumbed and lined), and braced, the ceiling joist are crowned, high edge up, rolled and nailed with 3-16D over each top plate they cross.
The rafters are then crowned, racked up, (set on saw horses), and laid out, I preferred a framing square and stair gauges), the table of your saw is set at the angle of the roof pitch, the birds mouth is the 1st cut, the rafters are rolled on their side and the plumb and seat cut are marked using a pitch block, (a short section of 2X that is cut to match the prescribed roof pitch, with a piece of 1x attached to the top), the rafters are cut, the ridge is crowned and laid out, on both sides, loosely set and braced, the rafters are placed and nailed in place, (I nailed thru the ridge, both ways, hip and valleys were often toe nailed w/16D's), no more than 4 rafters were set W/O a rafter tie nailed with 5-16D's.
Mechanical connectors are seldom called out W/O there being a high wind circumstance present.
Here are some definitions;
Rafter- Lumber used to support the roof sheeting and roof loads. Generally, 2 X are used. The rafters of a flat roof are sometimes called roof joists.
Rafter, hip- A rafter that forms the intersection of an external roof angle. The ridge joint, intersection is composed of 2 common rafters and the hip rafter, each direction.
Jack rafter- A rafter that spans the distance from the wall plate to a hip, or from a valley to a ridge. Sometimes referred to as cripple jacks.
Rafter, valley- A rafter that forms the intersection of an internal roof angle.
Roof valley- The "
V" created where two sloping roofs meet.
Roof sheathing or sheeting- The wood panels or sheet material fastened to the roof rafters or trusses on which the shingle or other roof covering is laid.
Ridge- The horizontal line at the junction of the top edges of two sloping roof surfaces.
Ridge board- The board placed on the ridge of the roof onto which the upper ends of other rafters are fastened.
Sheathing, sheeting- The structural wood panel covering, usually OSB or plywood, used over studs, floor joists or rafters/trusses of a structure.